Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

Nicotinamide Riboside (NR)

Product name	Nicotinamide Riboside, NR, vitamin NR
Synonyms	Nicotinamide Ribose;nicotinamide-beta-riboside;nicotinamide ribonucleoside;N-Ribosylnicotinamide;Ribosylnicotinamide;1-(beta-D-Ribofuranosyl)nicotinamide;
CAS Number	1341-23-7
Molecular formula	C11H15N2O5+
Molecular weight	255.25 g/mol

Nicotinamide Riboside Powder We offer

Product name	Nicotinamide riboside chloride, NR, vitamin NR
Synonyms	3-(Aminocarbonyl)-1-P-D-ribofuranosyl-pyridinium chloride(1:1); Nicotinamide Riboside.Cl;3-Carbamoyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl pyridinium  chloride
CAS Number	23111-00-4
Molecular formula	C11H15N2O5.Cl
Molecular weight	290.70 g/mol
Specifications	98%min
Appearance/Color	Off White to Pale Yellow Powder
Solubility in water	446.5mg/ml
Melting point	115℃-125℃
Benefits	Boosts NAD+ levels, Supports healthy Aging and brain/cognitive
Applications	as a dietary supplement, functional foods, and beverages
Recommend dosage	not more than 180 mg/day
Package	1kg/bag,25kg/drum

What is Nicotinamide Riboside?

Nicotinamide riboside is a newly appreciated form of Vitamin B3, with unique properties, it is a formal precursor of NAD+.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR), first described in 1944 as a growth factor (Factor V) for Haemophilus influenza, and in 1951, NR, first investigated as a metabolic fate in mammalian tissues.

Famous patented Brand named NIAGEN®(Nicotinamide riboside chloride), released by Chromadex, Inc in 2003, aims to reverse signs of aging from inside your body.

This article will show you multi-faceted NR details; please continue reading the following:

What food sources of Nicotinamide Riboside?

The amounts of NR in food are minute, compared to a nutritional supplement, and what food sources contain nicotinamide riboside (NR)?

1.Cow milk

Cow milk usually have ∼12 μmol NAD(+) precursor vitamins/L, of which 60% was present as nicotinamide, and 40% was current as NR.(conventional milk contained more NR than organic milk ), a study published by the University of Iowa, in 2016

2.Yeast

An old study has stated, "One inhibitory substance was isolated from yeast and was found to be nicotinamide riboside, it may have from NAD(P) during the preparation of yeast extracts, or from dietary yeast supplements during digestion in vivo." While there is no quantitative data on yeast

3.Beer

The beer has a fair amount of carbs and drinking those in a liquid form like that will have a glycemic impact; various research papers have mentioned beer as being a food source of nicotinamide riboside.

Also, there may be trace amounts of NR like whey protein, mushrooms, etc.

For many people, dairy is off limits for other reasons. The nicotinamide riboside food sources might be useful, but are less efficient than an NR supplement.

Why Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) designate as an authentic NAD+ precursor vitamin invertebrates?

There are five lines of reasoning support it:

1. Haemophilus influenza, a flu-causing bacterium, which has no de novo pathway and cannot utilize Na or Nam, is strictly dependent on NR, NMN, or NAD+ for growth in the host bloodstream.

2. Milk is a source of NR.

3.NR protects murine DRG neurons in an ex vivo axonopathy assay via transcriptional induction of the nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) 2 gene.

4. Exogenously added NR and derivatives increase NAD+ accumulation in a dose-dependent fashion in human cell lines.

5. Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungus that depends on NAD+ precursor vitamins for growth, utilizes NR during disseminated infection.

Nicotinamide Riboside VS Nicotinamide VS Niacin 

Niacin(or nicotinic acid), is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. It has the formula C₆H₅NO₂.

Nicotinamide or called niacinamide is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication. It has the formula C₆H₆N₂O.

Nicotinamide riboside is a pyridine-nucleoside form of vitamin B3 that functions as a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or NAD+. It has the formula C₁₁H₁₅N₂O₅+.

Niacin(nicotinic acid), nicotinamide and Nicotinamide riboside (NR) are all NAD+ precursors, and they can be used by cells to create more NAD.

But NR is more potent than nicotinamide and nicotinic acid at increasing NAD+, also NR does not cause flushing and does not inhibit sirtuins when supplementing with high dosage compared with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid.

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) VS Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)

NMN is same as NR, is a derivative of niacin. And the two materials could use to increase NAD+.

But there are differences.

Name Differences	nicotinamide riboside (NR)	nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN)
Is Vitamin	Yes	No
human clinical studies	Have at least four published	No
It’s safe for humans	Confirmed	No
FDA safety notifications	Have three	No
Increases NAD	About 220%	About 170%
Can enter the cell	Yes	No
Using form	taken orally	mostly studied by injection
Fits into a 300 mg capsule	easily	does not

Nicotinamide Riboside Health Benefits

• Nicotinamide Riboside helps energy generation

In animals, NR supplementation reduced NAD consumption, which improved mitochondrial function, rapidly restored muscle mass, and conserve strength NAD levels and exercise volume in older mice, helping maintain muscle mass and function, supports more energy generation.

• Nicotinamide Riboside improved cognitive function

NR preserves the nerve cells in the brain by activating the SIRT3 and Supplementation stimulates the NAD pathways and helps prevent degeneration in mind.

NR boosted cognitive function and slowed progression of Alzheimer's disease in mice given NR for three months.

• Nicotinamide Riboside prevents hearing loss.

By activating the SIRT3 pathway, a UNC study found it helped protect rodents against noise-induced hearing loss.

• Nicotinamide Riboside Protects the Liver

Taken NR Orally increases NAD in the body, which helps protect the liver. NR stopped fat accumulation, lowered oxidative stress, prevented inflammation, and improved insulin sensitivity in the liver of mice.

Furthermore, NR could extend longevity, Increases metabolism, supports the fight against cancer, reduce diabetic symptoms, increases metabolism, may help with weight loss.

Is Nicotinamide Riboside Safe?

Yes, NR is safe.

NR has three published clinical trials confirming it is safe for human consumption

Careful analyzing and stressed all the preclinical and clinical information available on NR assure it is safe and well-tolerated.

Niagen is safe and GRAS, using scientific procedures, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

Nicotinamide Riboside Human Trials

There are many pre-clinical studies have been conducted testing NR in various model systems.

In 2015, the first human clinical studies completed, and the results demonstrated that NR safely and effectively boosts levels of NAD in healthy human volunteers.

A placebo-controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside in obese men by randomized: safety, insulin-sensitivity, and lipid-mobilizing effects

                                 --Published in The American/Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Results: 12 wk of NR supplementation in doses of 2000 mg/d appears safe, but does not improve insulin sensitivity and whole-body glucose metabolism in obese, insulin-resistant men.

Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and raises NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults.

                  --Published in Nature Communications

Nicotinamide Riboside is Especially and Orally Bioavailable in Mice and Humans

                                                   --Published in Nature Communications

Here we define the time and dose-dependent effects of NR on blood NAD metabolism in humans. The report shows that human blood NAD can rise as much as 2.7-fold with a single oral dose of NR in pilot research of one individual and that oral NR elevates mouse hepatic NAD with apparent and superior pharmacokinetics to those of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. The further show, single doses of 100, 300 and 1,000 mg of NR produce dose-dependent increases in the blood NAD metabolome at first clinical trial of NR pharmacokinetics in humans. Also inform that nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NAAD), which was not considered to be en route for the changing of NR to NAD, is formed from NR and discover that the rise in NAAD is a very sensitive biomarker of effective NAD repletion.

Open-Label, non-randomized research of the pharmacokinetics of the nutritional supplement nicotinamide riboside (NR) and its have effects  on blood NAD+ levels in healthy volunteers

 -Published in PLoS One

This study provides measurable evidence that when we age, and our bodies produce a lot of extra PARP due to accumulated oxidative damage to our DNA, this may result in reduced levels of NAD in our tissues. These lower NAD levels may play a significant role in the aging process by limiting energy production, DNA repair and other vital communications between cells.

Repeat dose NRPT (nicotinamide riboside and pterostilbene) enhances NAD+ levels in humans safely and sustainably: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

--Published in NPJ Aging Mechanisms of Disease

Here, we show this first-in-humans clinical trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of a repeat dose of NRPT. NRPT evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study in a population of 120 healthy adults ages at 60 ~80 years old. The study composed of three treatment arms: placebo, the recommended dose of NRPT (NRPT 1X), and the double dose of NRPT (NRPT 2X). It shows that a repeat dose of NRPT is a safe and effective way to increase NAD+ levels sustainably.

Nicotinamide Riboside optimal dosage

Getting the NR dosage correct can help avoid nicotinamide riboside side effects as well. Most of the researches are in the thousands of milligrams per kilogram of body weight, but the suggested NR supplement dose is 1-200 mg per day.

There are many anecdotal reports of doses up to 600 mg per day, which can increase mental energy and focus, but these do not recommend for first-time users. NIAGEN® has a successful New Dietary Ingredient Notification with FDA (NDIN 882) for daily recommended intake of not more than 180 mg/day.

Nicotinamide Riboside side effects

There are few nicotinamide riboside side effects. A compound is a natural form of vitamin B3 suggesting it's generally safe.

Most users will not have nicotinamide riboside side effects unless physically active. Even then, the loss of physical performance was based on theoretical animal models while there is no human evidence.

Where to buy Nicotinamide Riboside Powder?

If you want to find Nicotinamide riboside in bulk, Cima Science Co., Ltd may is your better choice. Currently, Cima Science Co., Ltd manufacture raw materials of Nicotinamide riboside (chloride form) stable and have the capital to offer in large quantities. 30kgs inventory is available. A price quote and COA (certificate of analysis) or detailed specification sheet, please feel free to contact us.

Magnesium L Threonate Price

What is Magnesium L Threonate? 

Magnesium L-Threonate is a natural nutritional supplement containing the L-Threonate form of magnesium that can be used to normalize Mg levels in the body with neuroprotective and nootropic effects. Therefore it can significantly improve memory, learning, cognition.

According to Wikipedia, Magnesium is a mineral that helps our body stay healthy. It is crucial for many functions in the body, which closely relates to energy metabolism and protein synthesis. It also contributes to elevating brain function, bone health, heart, muscle activity.

Magnesium forms available

There are many magnesium salt forms, for instance, magnesium sulfate, magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, magnesium glycinate, and magnesium ascorbyl phosphate,  Etc.

However, in one of the research papers published in 2010, MIT （Massachusetts Institute of Technology)researchers found Magnesium l Threonate was the only magnesium form that could go through the blood-brain barrier. It results in its unique absorption comparing with other magnesium salts.

Foods rich in Magnesium

Magnesium ranks the fourth spot in the vital minerals of the body (after sodium, potassium, calcium). Magnesium supplement links to many benefits, including better blood sugar regulation, improved sleep, relief from constipation. It is found naturally in foods like nuts, leafy green vegetables, milk products.

Some magnesium-rich foods as below:

· Kidney beans

· Oatmeal

· Peanut butter

· Potato with skin

· Pumpkin

· Raisins

· Spinach

· Whole grain bread

· Almonds

· Black beans

· Brown rice

· Cashews

· Shredded Wheat

· Soy milk

Magnesium Deficiency

Magnesium is crucial for various functions in the body and plays a significant role in our overall health.

Magnesium deficiency seems not to happen due to low dietary intake in healthy people. However, it is common under some certain health conditions, such as chronic alcoholism. Some medications can also reduce your magnesium levels.

Magnesium deficiency, usually called hypomagnesemia, is an often neglected health problem.

Magnesium deficiency co

· common symptoms usually react

·  as nausea

· vomiting

· loss of appetite, fatigue

Magnesium VS Magnesium L Threonate

Most metals including in magnesium are cations or charged ions which are very unstable. Meanwhile, it's hard for the body to absorb independent magnesium. Overall, magnesium supplements mostly are chelates that combine magnesium with other anions substances in the market.

Magnesium L-Threonate is a stable form with the magnesium cation linking to the L Threanoic acid (a metabolite of VitaminC) anion. Some investigations indicate that L-Threonate can enhance mineral uptake greatly. In general, Magnesium L Threonate is the best magnesium supplement with excellent stability and easily absorbency.

In recent years, more and more brands try to supply the best Magnesium l Threonate supplement.

Mechanism of Action of Magnesium L Threonate

What is the essential difference between Magnesium Threonate and other magnesium forms? Usually, there is an inner membrane called endothelial cells in the human body's blood vessels. There is a "void" between these cells, allowing substances in the blood to enter the cell in most parts of the body.

Nevertheless, when it comes to the brain, there is not any lacuna. Very few substances can pass through, even most medications are confining, but Magnesium Threonate can go through the barrier and affect the brain with its distinct penetrability.
Taking Magnesium L-Threonate can increase the absorption of magnesium by 15%, much higher than other supplements.

Besides, as we mentioned above, because of the penetrating power, MIT scientists found Magnesium Threonate could improve both the plasticity and activity of our brains' synapses. It makes neurons communicate much more effectively. It is seen visibly within the hippocampus, an area of the brain that's responsible for memory. It's believed that this effect is due to increasing cerebrospinal fluid of the brain.

Magnesium L Threonate benefits

Magnesium L-Threonate for brain health

There have been some discussions based on Magnesium L-Threonate vs. Magnesium Sulfate; both of these compounds can increase the memory. However, Magnesium L-Threonate tends to be safer.

Magnesium L Threonate can improve nerve functioning while boosting mental energy. Then it leads to a better ability to learn and create new neural pathways. Magnesium Threonate also can reduce anxiety, symptoms of depression and sleep disturbances. The supplement is commonly used to promote relaxation, calm the mind and has been found useful for mild to moderate depression in adults.

Magnesium L Threonate for preventing hair loss

Two potential causes result in hair loss. One is an imbalance of excess calcium with magnesium. The other is poor nutrition and circulation on the top of the head. It will lead to poor hair growth and condition, whereas an increase in blood flow to this area may enhance hair growth. Magnesium L Threonate get both two sides ability, Magnesium works as the mineral balance, L Threonate pass through the blood-brain barrier to boost the blood circulation.

Magnesium L Threonate for bone health

Magnesium and calcium deficiency leads to conditions as osteoarthritis.

As we age, magnesium must keep an appropriate balance with calcium to maintain healthy bone density and bone health.

Limited clinical trials have found that it may prevent and possibly reverse osteoporosis if people take daily L Threonate Magnesium over long periods. Reportedly: women who supplemented their diets with Magnesium Threonate over two years had fewer fractures and a decreased rate of bone loss.

Magnesium L-Threonate for good heart

Research has discovered that people with a higher intake of Magnesium L Threonate have a lower risk of heart disease. Scientific investigations have also indicated that the higher the magnesium content in the blood, the lower the risk of coronary artery disease. Additionally, it has been approved that higher levels of magnesium can lower levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein, which associates with heart problems.

Magnesium L Threonate side effects

The reported side effects of magnesium L-Threonate are headaches, drowsiness, blood pressure, severe brain fog, an irregular heartbeat or a feeling of increased blood flow to the head.

Another side effect of magnesium supplements is digestive upset.

Please avoid intake Magnesium L Threonate supplements if you have issues with your kidneys. Because too much magnesium will overwhelm your kidneys.

Magnesium L Threonate daily dosage

Is L Threonate Magnesium a safe supplement?

Of course, it is. We need to follow the recommended dietary safe daily dosage.

Adult men 400-420mg/day

Adult women 310-320 mg/ day.

Where to buy Magnesium L Threonate powder?

At Cima Science Co.LTD, both L Threonate Magnesium bulk powder 98% and Magnesium L-Threonate capsules are available.